{"id":6525,"date":"2023-02-01T14:53:18","date_gmt":"2023-02-01T12:53:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/memoria.montserrat.es\/dictadura-franquista\/lavanc-democratic-a-europa\/"},"modified":"2023-02-21T12:18:30","modified_gmt":"2023-02-21T10:18:30","slug":"lavanc-democratic-a-europa","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/memoria.montserrat.es\/es\/dictadura-franquista\/lavanc-democratic-a-europa\/","title":{"rendered":"El avance democr\u00e1tico en Europa"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row css_animation=\u00bb\u00bb row_type=\u00bbrow\u00bb use_row_as_full_screen_section=\u00bbno\u00bb type=\u00bbfull_width\u00bb angled_section=\u00bbno\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb background_image_as_pattern=\u00bbwithout_pattern\u00bb z_index=\u00bb\u00bb css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1675425653428{margin-bottom: 50px !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: contain !important;}\u00bb el_class=\u00bb.imatge_fons\u00bb][vc_column][vc_row_inner row_type=\u00bbrow\u00bb type=\u00bbgrid\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb css_animation=\u00bb\u00bb padding_top=\u00bb50%\u00bb][vc_column_inner width=\u00bb1\/6″ css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1647631464667{margin-right: 0px !important;margin-left: -100px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;}\u00bb offset=\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00bb][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bb.num_capitol\u00bb]01[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\u00bb1\/2″ css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1647631470542{margin-left: -100px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}\u00bb offset=\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00bb][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bb.titol_capitol\u00bb]<\/p>\n

El avance democr\u00e1tico
\nen Europa<\/span><\/h1>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\u00bb1\/3″ offset=\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00bb][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bb.etiqueta_mare\u00bb]<\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

DICTADURA<\/span>FRANQUISTA<\/h3>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=\u00bbrow\u00bb type=\u00bbfull_width\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb css_animation=\u00bb\u00bb css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1647632187031{margin-left: 2% !important;}\u00bb][vc_column_inner offset=\u00bbvc_hidden-lg vc_hidden-md\u00bb css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1647632140819{margin-top: 50px !important;}\u00bb][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bb.num_capitol_mobile\u00bb css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1647880265962{margin-bottom: 50px !important;}\u00bb]01[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bb.titol_capitol_mobile\u00bb]<\/p>\n

El avance democr\u00e1tico
\nen Europa<\/span><\/h1>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bb.etiqueta_mare\u00bb]<\/p>\n

DICTADURA<\/span>FRANQUISTA<\/h3>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=\u00bbrow\u00bb type=\u00bbfull_width\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb css_animation=\u00bb\u00bb][vc_column_inner][vc_single_image image=\u00bb54″ img_size=\u00bbfull\u00bb alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb qode_css_animation=\u00bb\u00bb][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=\u00bbrow\u00bb type=\u00bbgrid\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb css_animation=\u00bb\u00bb css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1647628966339{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-right: 2% !important;margin-left: 2% !important;}\u00bb][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]La victoria del antifascismo en la II Guerra Mundial (1939-1945) termin\u00f3 con una divisi\u00f3n antag\u00f3nica, la \u201cguerra fr\u00eda\u201d entre Estados Unidos y sus aliados que representaban la democracia y el capitalismo frente a la Uni\u00f3n Sovi\u00e9tica comunista. Por ejemplo, en Europa con la OTAN o el Pacto de Varsovia o la divisi\u00f3n de Alemania. El nuevo armamento nuclear de destrucci\u00f3n masiva impidi\u00f3 un enfrentamiento b\u00e9lico directo entre ambas potencias (Corea, crisis de los misiles, Vietnam). Estados Unidos desarroll\u00f3 el Plan Marshall destinado a una r\u00e1pida recuperaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica de la Europa democr\u00e1tica que, a su vez, impidiera la extensi\u00f3n del comunismo. Mientras, en China triunfaba la revoluci\u00f3n comunista con Mao y, gracias al pacifismo, se independizaba la India. Pero tambi\u00e9n, con una participaci\u00f3n esencial femenina, en 1948 se proclamaba la Declaraci\u00f3n Universal de los Derechos Humanos, nac\u00eda la ONU o los primeros pasos de la Uni\u00f3n Europea.<\/p>\n

El mundo fue un gran tablero en el que se dirim\u00eda la hegemon\u00eda econ\u00f3mica y cultural de las dos grandes potencias que tambi\u00e9n impregn\u00f3 la cultura popular del siglo XX (cine, m\u00fasica\u2026). La paranoia anticomunista desat\u00f3 en Estados Unidos la \u201ccaza de brujas\u201d antidemocr\u00e1tica. Cualquier r\u00e9gimen pol\u00edtico reformista o que alteraba la dominaci\u00f3n norteamericana era conceptuado como comunista. As\u00ed, los nuevos e inestables pa\u00edses producidos por la descolonizaci\u00f3n de \u00c1frica y Asia o la revoluci\u00f3n cubana y su impacto en Am\u00e9rica Latina, terminaron frecuentemente en guerras civiles o dictaduras dirigidas desde la URSS o Estados Unidos. La creaci\u00f3n del Estado de Israel (1948), producida por la conmoci\u00f3n del conocimiento del Holocausto, a\u00f1adi\u00f3 un foco recurrente de fricci\u00f3n internacional y de violaci\u00f3n de los derechos del pueblo palestino.<\/p>\n

En los a\u00f1os sesenta, mientras la socialdemocracia y el liberalismo norteamericano consolidaban el Estado del Bienestar en medio de una gran expansi\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica mundial, y emerg\u00eda el nuevo grupo social de la juventud producida por el boom demogr\u00e1fico de la posguerra, se produc\u00edan grandes movimientos sociales. La lucha por la igualdad \u00e9tnica en Estados Unidos, la segunda ola feminista, el pacifismo del movimiento hippie, el ecologismo, el inicio de la lucha por los derechos LGTB, o la rebeld\u00eda juvenil con la cultura pop. Sin embargo, la \u201ccrisis del petr\u00f3leo\u201d de 1973 y la reestructuraci\u00f3n del capitalismo (globalizaci\u00f3n, neoliberalsimo,\u2026) supusieron un retroceso social y cultural.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=\u00bb\u00bb row_type=\u00bbrow\u00bb use_row_as_full_screen_section=\u00bbno\u00bb type=\u00bbfull_width\u00bb angled_section=\u00bbno\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb background_image_as_pattern=\u00bbwithout_pattern\u00bb z_index=\u00bb\u00bb][vc_column][vc_masonry_media_grid element_width=\u00bb3″ gap=\u00bb10″ item=\u00bb263″ grid_id=\u00bbvc_gid:1676974166841-4894a72f-3615-10″ include=\u00bb4632,4634,4636,4638,4640,4642,4644,4646,4648,4650,4652,4654,4656,4658,4660,4662,4664,4666,4668,4670,4672,4674,4676,4678,4680,4682,4684,4686,4688,4690,4692,4694,4696,4698,4700″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row css_animation=\u00bb\u00bb row_type=\u00bbrow\u00bb use_row_as_full_screen_section=\u00bbno\u00bb type=\u00bbfull_width\u00bb angled_section=\u00bbno\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb background_image_as_pattern=\u00bbwithout_pattern\u00bb z_index=\u00bb\u00bb css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1675425653428{margin-bottom: 50px !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: contain !important;}\u00bb el_class=\u00bb.imatge_fons\u00bb][vc_column][vc_row_inner row_type=\u00bbrow\u00bb type=\u00bbgrid\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb css_animation=\u00bb\u00bb padding_top=\u00bb50%\u00bb][vc_column_inner width=\u00bb1\/6″ css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1647631464667{margin-right: 0px !important;margin-left: -100px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;}\u00bb offset=\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00bb][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bb.num_capitol\u00bb]01[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\u00bb1\/2″ css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1647631470542{margin-left: -100px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}\u00bb offset=\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00bb][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bb.titol_capitol\u00bb] El…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":3186,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"full_width.php","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6525","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nEl avance democr\u00e1tico en Europa - 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