{"id":2746,"date":"2022-03-21T13:10:53","date_gmt":"2022-03-21T11:10:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/memoria.montserrat.es\/la-defensa-de-la-republica\/"},"modified":"2023-02-21T17:35:50","modified_gmt":"2023-02-21T15:35:50","slug":"la-republica-amenazada","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/memoria.montserrat.es\/es\/la-guerra-civil\/la-republica-amenazada\/","title":{"rendered":"La Rep\u00fablica, amenazada"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row css_animation=\u00bb\u00bb row_type=\u00bbrow\u00bb use_row_as_full_screen_section=\u00bbno\u00bb type=\u00bbfull_width\u00bb angled_section=\u00bbno\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb background_image_as_pattern=\u00bbwithout_pattern\u00bb z_index=\u00bb\u00bb css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1666173185400{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 50px !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: contain !important;}\u00bb el_class=\u00bb.imatge_fons\u00bb][vc_column][vc_row_inner row_type=\u00bbrow\u00bb type=\u00bbgrid\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb css_animation=\u00bb\u00bb padding_top=\u00bb50%\u00bb][vc_column_inner width=\u00bb1\/6″ css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1647631464667{margin-right: 0px !important;margin-left: -100px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;}\u00bb offset=\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00bb][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bb.num_capitol\u00bb]01[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\u00bb7\/12″ css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1647631470542{margin-left: -100px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}\u00bb offset=\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00bb][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bb.titol_capitol\u00bb]<\/p>\n

La Rep\u00fablica
\namenazada<\/span><\/h1>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\u00bb1\/4″ offset=\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00bb][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bb.etiqueta_mare\u00bb]<\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

GUERRA<\/span>CIVIL<\/h3>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=\u00bbrow\u00bb type=\u00bbfull_width\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb css_animation=\u00bb\u00bb css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1647632187031{margin-left: 2% !important;}\u00bb][vc_column_inner offset=\u00bbvc_hidden-lg vc_hidden-md\u00bb css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1647632140819{margin-top: 50px !important;}\u00bb][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bb.num_capitol_mobile\u00bb css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1647632154516{margin-bottom: 50px !important;}\u00bb]01[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bb.titol_capitol_mobile\u00bb]<\/p>\n

La Rep\u00fablica
\namenazada<\/span><\/h1>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bb.etiqueta_mare\u00bb]<\/p>\n

GUERRA<\/span>CIVIL<\/h3>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=\u00bbrow\u00bb type=\u00bbfull_width\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb css_animation=\u00bb\u00bb][vc_column_inner][vc_single_image image=\u00bb54″ img_size=\u00bbfull\u00bb alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb qode_css_animation=\u00bb\u00bb][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=\u00bbrow\u00bb type=\u00bbgrid\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb css_animation=\u00bb\u00bb css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1647628966339{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-right: 2% !important;margin-left: 2% !important;}\u00bb][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]La conspiraci\u00f3n antirrepublicana se fue consolidando desde el 16 de febrero de 1936 hasta estallar un 17 de julio. En aquellas zonas en las que no consigui\u00f3 la adhesi\u00f3n absoluta del Ej\u00e9rcito y de las fuerzas de Seguridad, el golpe de estado fue derrotado. Hasta octubre, la ayuda fascista (Alemania, Italia) fue vital para que los sublevados llegaran a las puertas de Madrid. En ese mes, la consolidaci\u00f3n del aporte fascista, la llegada de voluntarios antifascistas (Brigadas Internacionales) y la compra de armamento a la URSS por parte de la Rep\u00fablica convirti\u00f3 una guerra escasamente tecnol\u00f3gica y de movimientos, en una guerra moderna e internacional en el contexto conflictivo de la Europa de los a\u00f1os treinta que provoc\u00f3 el abandono de la Rep\u00fablica por parte de las potencias democr\u00e1ticas.<\/p>\n

En la retaguardia republicana el colapso estatal favoreci\u00f3 una revoluci\u00f3n obrera (UGT, CNT) igualitarista que colectiviz\u00f3 los medios de producci\u00f3n, cre\u00f3 el nuevo poder de los comit\u00e9s y las milicias voluntarias. En las dos retaguardias se produjo una explosi\u00f3n de violencia contra el \u201cenemigo\u201d: antirrepublicanos y eclesi\u00e1sticos en la republicana; republicanos y dem\u00f3cratas en la sublevada. Sin embargo, esta violencia no fue \u201csim\u00e9trica\u201d: la republicana estuvo en buena medida al margen del Estado. Y cuando este restableci\u00f3 el orden, en la primavera de 1937, retrocedi\u00f3 en gran medida. Mientras, la violencia de los sublevados, dirigida o tolerada por el Ej\u00e9rcito, era la consecuencia de una planificaci\u00f3n anterior a julio de 1936, y no se detuvo en ning\u00fan momento.<\/p>\n

La derrota de los sublevados en su intenci\u00f3n de conquistar Madrid condujo a la percepci\u00f3n que la guerra iba a alargarse. En la zona sublevada, la dictadura personal de Franco se afianz\u00f3 con la unificaci\u00f3n forzosa de todos los partidos pol\u00edticos en FET y de las JONS. La Iglesia dio legitimidad a la insurrecci\u00f3n ya que la calific\u00f3 de \u201cCruzada\u201d. En la republicana, que iba perdiendo terreno constantemente, la cooperaci\u00f3n sovi\u00e9tica y la pol\u00edtica de ganar la guerra como objetivo principal, condujeron a un crecimiento del Partido Comunista. El conflicto interno con los revolucionarios estall\u00f3 en los Sucesos de Mayo de Barcelona (1937). A partir de ese momento, los gobiernos de Negr\u00edn dise\u00f1aron una pol\u00edtica de resistencia para intentar enlazar con una guerra europea que parec\u00eda pr\u00f3xima.<\/p>\n

Sin embargo, en 1938, la Rep\u00fablica comenz\u00f3 a desmoronarse. La Batalla del Ebro no consigui\u00f3 sus objetivos y la Europa democr\u00e1tica no iba a intervenir en Espa\u00f1a. La crisis de abastecimientos y los bombardeos desmoralizaban a la poblaci\u00f3n. El 1 de abril de 1939, Franco, ya Caudillo, escrib\u00eda el \u00faltimo parte de la guerra. Pero la paz no lleg\u00f3.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=\u00bb\u00bb row_type=\u00bbrow\u00bb use_row_as_full_screen_section=\u00bbno\u00bb type=\u00bbfull_width\u00bb angled_section=\u00bbno\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb background_image_as_pattern=\u00bbwithout_pattern\u00bb][vc_column][vc_masonry_media_grid element_width=\u00bb3″ gap=\u00bb10″ item=\u00bb263″ grid_id=\u00bbvc_gid:1676906327555-271ee86b-b695-2″ include=\u00bb431,4478,4476,4474,4472,4470,4468,4466,4464,4462,4460,4458,4456,4454,4452,4450,4448,4446,4442,4440,4438,4436,4434,4432,4430,4428,4480″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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