{"id":2718,"date":"2022-03-18T21:41:26","date_gmt":"2022-03-18T19:41:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/memoria.montserrat.es\/lespanya-republicana\/"},"modified":"2023-02-21T15:52:34","modified_gmt":"2023-02-21T13:52:34","slug":"esperanzas-democraticas","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/memoria.montserrat.es\/es\/la-segunda-republica\/esperanzas-democraticas\/","title":{"rendered":"Las esperanzas democr\u00e1ticas"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row css_animation=\u00bb\u00bb row_type=\u00bbrow\u00bb use_row_as_full_screen_section=\u00bbno\u00bb type=\u00bbfull_width\u00bb angled_section=\u00bbno\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb background_image_as_pattern=\u00bbwithout_pattern\u00bb z_index=\u00bb\u00bb css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1666173027762{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 80px !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: contain !important;}\u00bb el_class=\u00bb.imatge_fons\u00bb][vc_column][vc_row_inner row_type=\u00bbrow\u00bb type=\u00bbgrid\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb css_animation=\u00bb\u00bb padding_top=\u00bb50%\u00bb][vc_column_inner width=\u00bb1\/6″ css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1647631464667{margin-right: 0px !important;margin-left: -100px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;}\u00bb offset=\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00bb][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bb.num_capitol\u00bb]02[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\u00bb7\/12″ css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1647631470542{margin-left: -100px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}\u00bb offset=\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00bb][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bb.titol_capitol\u00bb]<\/p>\n

Las esperanzas
\ndemocr\u00e1ticas<\/span><\/h1>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\u00bb1\/4″ offset=\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00bb][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bb.etiqueta_mare\u00bb]<\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

SEGUNDA<\/span>REP\u00daBLICA<\/h3>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=\u00bbrow\u00bb type=\u00bbfull_width\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb css_animation=\u00bb\u00bb css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1647632187031{margin-left: 2% !important;}\u00bb][vc_column_inner offset=\u00bbvc_hidden-lg vc_hidden-md\u00bb css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1647632140819{margin-top: 50px !important;}\u00bb][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bb.num_capitol_mobile\u00bb css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1647794549432{margin-bottom: 50px !important;}\u00bb]02[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bb.titol_capitol_mobile\u00bb]<\/p>\n

Las esperanzas
\ndemocr\u00e1ticas<\/span><\/h1>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bb.etiqueta_mare\u00bb]<\/p>\n

SEGUNDA<\/span>REP\u00daBLICA<\/h3>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=\u00bbrow\u00bb type=\u00bbfull_width\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb css_animation=\u00bb\u00bb][vc_column_inner][vc_single_image image=\u00bb54″ img_size=\u00bbfull\u00bb alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb qode_css_animation=\u00bb\u00bb][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_type=\u00bbrow\u00bb type=\u00bbgrid\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb css_animation=\u00bb\u00bb css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1647628966339{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-right: 2% !important;margin-left: 2% !important;}\u00bb][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]Desde principios del siglo XX, la sociedad espa\u00f1ola hab\u00eda iniciado profundas transformaciones que provocaron la crisis de la Restauraci\u00f3n. El 14 de abril de 1931 se proclamaba una Rep\u00fablica que nac\u00eda, seg\u00fan su Constituci\u00f3n, con la determinaci\u00f3n de construir, por primera vez, un estado democr\u00e1tico que incorporaba a las mujeres a la vida pol\u00edtica, plurinacional, laico y con objetivos sociales. El gobierno de coalici\u00f3n de republicanos de izquierda y socialistas intent\u00f3 entre 1931 y 1933 redistribuir la renta con la reforma agraria y la legislaci\u00f3n laboral; impulsar la educaci\u00f3n, desde el laicismo y la inclusividad, con la construcci\u00f3n de miles de escuelas. Se promulg\u00f3 la autonom\u00eda catalana y se incidi\u00f3 en contrarrestar el poder de la Iglesia. La democracia abri\u00f3 cauces in\u00e9ditos de participaci\u00f3n a las mujeres, a los j\u00f3venes y a las zonas rurales. La sociedad vivi\u00f3 a\u00f1os de movilizaci\u00f3n pol\u00edtico-social con el nacimiento de asociaciones y el auge de la prensa. Tambi\u00e9n tuvo su reflejo sobre una cultura m\u00e1s cosmopolita y vanguardista (Generaci\u00f3n del 27).<\/p>\n

La Espa\u00f1a m\u00e1s tradicional se agrup\u00f3 en un nuevo partido, la Confederaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola de Derechas Aut\u00f3nomas (CEDA), dirigida por Gil Robles, con objetivos interclasistas y conservadores y la ayuda de la Iglesia. Su adecuaci\u00f3n a la pol\u00edtica de masas democr\u00e1tica, consigui\u00f3, junto al centro-derecha republicano, la victoria en las elecciones de noviembre de 1933. Los efectos socio-econ\u00f3micos negativos de la Gran Depresi\u00f3n, el contexto internacional de avance del fascismo y de dictaduras cat\u00f3licas (como en Austria), junto a la pol\u00edtica agraria, provocaron en octubre de 1934 la revoluci\u00f3n obrera de Asturias y la declaraci\u00f3n del Estat Catal\u00e0<\/em>. La violenta represi\u00f3n y el objetivo de recuperar la pol\u00edtica reformista unificaron a la izquierda en el Frente Popular (republicanos de centro-izquierda, socialistas y comunistas), que lleg\u00f3 al poder con los comicios del 16 de febrero de 1936.<\/p>\n

Las urnas abortaron el acceso al poder de la derecha. Desde el d\u00eda de las elecciones, una parte del Ej\u00e9rcito, con la colaboraci\u00f3n de la derecha social-cat\u00f3lica y del fascismo de Falange, comenz\u00f3 a preparar un golpe de Estado. Por lo tanto, es absolutamente falso que la conspiraci\u00f3n antirrepublicana se iniciar\u00e1 por los problemas sociales de los meses frentepopulistas, id\u00e9nticos al resto de los a\u00f1os republicanos: pol\u00edticos, laborales y anticlericales.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=\u00bb\u00bb row_type=\u00bbrow\u00bb use_row_as_full_screen_section=\u00bbno\u00bb type=\u00bbfull_width\u00bb angled_section=\u00bbno\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb background_image_as_pattern=\u00bbwithout_pattern\u00bb][vc_column][vc_masonry_media_grid element_width=\u00bb3″ gap=\u00bb10″ item=\u00bb263″ grid_id=\u00bbvc_gid:1676890627624-762d479d-8a43-6″ include=\u00bb4304,4306,4308,4310,4312,4314,4316,4318,4320,4322,4324,4326,4328,4330,4332,4334,4336,4338,4340,4342,4344,4346″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row css_animation=\u00bb\u00bb row_type=\u00bbrow\u00bb use_row_as_full_screen_section=\u00bbno\u00bb type=\u00bbfull_width\u00bb angled_section=\u00bbno\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb background_image_as_pattern=\u00bbwithout_pattern\u00bb z_index=\u00bb\u00bb css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1666173027762{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 80px !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: contain !important;}\u00bb el_class=\u00bb.imatge_fons\u00bb][vc_column][vc_row_inner row_type=\u00bbrow\u00bb type=\u00bbgrid\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb css_animation=\u00bb\u00bb padding_top=\u00bb50%\u00bb][vc_column_inner width=\u00bb1\/6″ css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1647631464667{margin-right: 0px !important;margin-left: -100px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;}\u00bb offset=\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00bb][vc_column_text el_class=\u00bb.num_capitol\u00bb]02[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\u00bb7\/12″ css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1647631470542{margin-left: -100px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}\u00bb offset=\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00bb][vc_column_text…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2254,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"full_width.php","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2718","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nLas esperanzas democr\u00e1ticas - 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